Cavitation ndi zobisika kuopseza  pampu yoyimirira ya turbine ntchito, kuchititsa kugwedezeka, phokoso, ndi kukokoloka kochititsa mantha komwe kungayambitse kulephera koopsa. Komabe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera (kutalika kwa shaft mpaka mamita makumi) ndi kuyika kovutirapo, kuyesa kwa cavitation performance (NPSHr determination) kwa mapampu amtundu wa turbine kumabweretsa zovuta zazikulu.

I. Closed-Loop Test Rig: Precision vs. Spatial Constraints

1.Kuyesa Mfundo ndi Njira

• Zida Zazikulu: Dongosolo lotsekeka lotsekeka (pampu ya vacuum, thanki yokhazikika, flowmeter, masensa othamanga) kuti muwongolere bwino kukakamiza kolowera.

• Ndondomeko:

· Konzani liwiro la mpope ndi kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe.

+ Pang’onopang’ono chepetsani kukakamiza kolowera mpaka mutu utsike ndi 3% (NPSHr definition point).

· Lembani kupanikizika kwakukulu ndikuwerengera NPSHr.

• Kulondola kwa Deta: ± 2%, kumagwirizana ndi miyezo ya ISO 5199.

2. Zovuta za Pampu Zopumira Zoyimirira

• Malo Ocheperako: Zopangira zotsekera zotsekedwa zimakhala ndi ≤5 m kutalika kwake, zosagwirizana ndi mapampu amtundu wautali (utali wa shaft: 10-30 m).

• Dynamic Behavior Distortion: Kufupikitsa shafts kumasintha liwiro lovuta ndi mitundu yogwedeza, skewing zotsatira zoyesa.

3. Ntchito Zamakampani

• Milandu Yogwiritsa Ntchito: Pampu zakuya zachitsime zachifupi (shaft ≤5 m), prototype R&D.

• Phunziro: Wopanga pampu adachepetsa NPSHr ndi 22% pambuyo pokonza mapangidwe a impeller pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso 200 otsekedwa.

II. Open-Loop Test Rig: Kuyanjanitsa Kusinthasintha ndi Kulondola

1. Mfundo Zoyesera

• Tsegulani Dongosolo:Amagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa mulingo wamadzimadzi akathanki kapena mapampu a vacuum powongolera kuthamanga kwa malowa (osavuta koma osalondola kwenikweni).

• Kukwezera Kwambiri:

· Ma transmitters ophatikizika olondola kwambiri (zolakwika ≤0.1% FS).

· Laser flowmeters (± 0.5% kulondola) m'malo mwa turbine mita yachikhalidwe.

2. Zosintha za Pampu ya Turbine

• Kuyerekeza Kwabwino Kwambiri: Pangani mitsinje yapansi panthaka (kuya ≥ kutalika kwa shaft pampu) kuti mufanane ndi mikhalidwe yomiza.

• Kukonza Zambiri:Ma CFD modelling amalipira kutayika kwamphamvu kwa malo olowera chifukwa cha kukana kwa mapaipi.

III. Kuyesa Kumunda: Kutsimikizika Kwapadziko Lonse

1. Mfundo Zoyesera

• Kusintha kwa Ntchito: Sinthani kupanikizika kwa inlet pogwiritsa ntchito valve throttling kapena kusintha kwa VFD kuti muzindikire malo otsika mutu.

• Njira Yofunikira:

NPSHr=NPSHr=ρgPin+2gvin2−ρgPv

(Imafunika kuyeza pini yolowera, kuthamanga kwa vin, ndi kutentha kwamadzimadzi.)

Kayendesedwe

Ikani ma sensor olondola kwambiri pa inlet flange.

Pang'onopang'ono kutseka ma valve olowera pamene mukujambula kutuluka, mutu, ndi kuthamanga.

Plot mutu vs. inlet pressure curve kuti muzindikire NPSHr inflection point.

2.Challenges ndi Mayankho

• Zosokoneza:

· Kugwedezeka kwa chitoliro → Ikani zokwera zoletsa kugwedera.

Kulowetsedwa kwa gasi → Gwiritsani ntchito zowunikira zomwe zili mkati mwa gasi.

• Zowonjezera Zolondola:

· Miyezo ingapo.

- Unikani mawonekedwe a vibration (kuyambira kwa cavitation kumayambitsa 1-4 kHz mphamvu spikes).

IV. Kuyesa Kwachitsanzo Chotsika: Kuzindikira Kopanda Mtengo

1. Chiphunzitso Chofanana Maziko

•Malamulo a makulitsidwe: Sungani liwiro lapadera ns; kukula kwa impeller monga:

· QmQ=(DmD)3,HmH=(DmD)2

•Mapangidwe a Zitsanzo:  1: 2 mpaka 1: 5 masikelo; kubwereza zipangizo ndi pamwamba roughness.

2. Ubwino Wapopu ya Turbine Yowonekera

•Kugwirizana ndi Malo: Zitsanzo za shaft zazifupi zimakwanira zida zoyeserera.

•Kupulumutsa Mtengo: Mitengo yoyesera idatsitsidwa mpaka 10-20% ya ma prototypes athunthu.

Malo Olakwika ndi Kukonza

•Mawonekedwe:  Kusintha kwa manambala a Reynolds → Gwiritsani ntchito zitsanzo zowongolera chipwirikiti.

•Kukalipa Pamwamba:  Mitundu yaku Poland kupita ku Ra≤0.8μm kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa mikangano.

V. Digital Simulation: Virtual Testing Revolution

1. CFD Modelling

•Njira:

Pangani zitsanzo za 3D zamtundu uliwonse.

Konzani mayendedwe ambiri (madzi + nthunzi) ndi mitundu ya cavitation (mwachitsanzo, Schnerr-Sauer).

Kubwereza mpaka 3% kutsika mutu; kuchotsa NPSHr.

• Kutsimikizira: Zotsatira za CFD zikuwonetsa ≤8% kupatuka pamayeso amthupi pamaphunziro amilandu.

2. Machine Learning Prediction

• Njira Yoyendetsedwa ndi Data:  Phunzitsani machitidwe obwerera m'mbuyo pazinthu zakale; zolowetsa zolowera (D2, β2, ndi zina) kulosera NPSHr.

• Ubwino: Imathetsa kuyezetsa thupi, kudula kamangidwe ka 70%.

Kutsiliza: Kuchokera ku "Empirical Guesswork" mpaka "Quantifiable Precision"

Vertical turbine pump cavitation kuyesa kuyenera kuthana ndi malingaliro olakwika akuti "mapangidwe apadera amalepheretsa kuyesa kolondola." Pophatikiza zida zotsekera / zotseguka, zoyesa m'munda, zitsanzo zowoneka bwino, ndi zofananira zama digito, mainjiniya amatha kuwerengera NPSHr kuti akwaniritse mapangidwe ndi njira zokonzera. Pamene kuyesa kosakanizidwa ndi zida za AI zikupita patsogolo, kukwaniritsa kuwonekera kwathunthu ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a cavitation kudzakhala chizolowezi chokhazikika.